The Araucaria araucana, commonly known as the monkey puzzle tree or Chilean pine, is a remarkable evergreen conifer native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina. This prehistoric-looking specimen can reach heights of 30-40 metres in its natural habitat, though in British gardens it typically grows to 15-25 metres over many decades.
With its distinctive spiky, dark green leaves arranged in whorls along the branches, this architectural tree commands attention in any landscape. The thick, grey-brown bark develops a distinctive hexagonal pattern as it matures. Both male and female trees produce cones, with the female cones being larger and more spherical.
In UK gardens, the monkey puzzle thrives in well-drained, slightly acidic soil and requires full sun. It is remarkably hardy, tolerating temperatures down to -20°C, though young plants benefit from protection against severe frost. The species has significant cultural importance to the indigenous Mapuche people of Chile, who have traditionally harvested its nutritious seeds. Its striking appearance made it a popular specimen tree in Victorian Britain, where it remains a protected species in many areas.
Common NameMonkey Puzzle Tree
Approx Height (10 yrs.)180 cm+ (72"+)
Soil TypeAll
Soil pHAcid, Neutral, Alkaline
AspectSun
HardinessHardy
Evergreen/DeciduousEvergreen
Specimen PlantSpecimen Plant
Flower ColourPink
Plant TypeConifers
